Abstract
Bionic learning network: Biology, or biology, is inspired by biology, modeling the systems, structures, and mechanisms of nature and living things to invent and invent, to create technology, and to solve technical-engineering problems. This field is considered as an interdisciplinary knowledge and a methodology for creative problem solving, one of the specialized branches or trends of innovation creativity. In other words, it can be said that bionic art is the application of the knowledge of living systems in solving technical problems. This field is considered as an interdisciplinary knowledge and a methodology for creative problem solving, one of the specialized branches or trends of innovation creativity. Nature has undergone many changes and mutations over the centuries and has evolved. Nature has destroyed everything that is not compatible with the environment, and today, the nature in which we live, and every living thing in it, is the most evolved creature of its kind to date. This means that every mechanism and structure in nature is at its best and most efficient. So humanity can get an idea of the design of its handicrafts by studying this evolved nature. Since the late twentieth century, we have witnessed many human achievements that, if we look more closely at them, we will find that being inspired by nature has greatly contributed to their betterment. Learning Network (LN) is learning something that enables a person to have successful participation in the life and environment that is important to him. Learning also results in a relatively stable change in behavioral (potential) ability as a result of enhanced practice. This definition has features such as sustainability, pivotal experience, and interactivity.
Bionic Learning Network is a solution to technical-engineering problems through participatory learning and modeling of nature’s mechanisms.
Keywords
Bionic learning network, learning network, Bionic,
Background
Bionic: Major Jack Steele, an officer in the U.S. Air Force, first used the term bionic to refer to systems that are based on living systems that either have the characteristics of living systems or resemble living systems. The word bionic was first coined by Jack E. Steel was invented in 1958, probably from the ancient Greek word bion, meaning living unit, and the suffix Ek meaning similar. In this way, bionics can be understood as life. Some dictionaries have defined the word as a combination of bio in the word biology and good in the word electron. The term was coined in the 1970s in the television series The Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman, based on two novels of the same name by Martin Kadeen.
Learning: Learning theory has evolved over the centuries. From the behaviorist theory that considered the human mind to be a black box (1803) and the cognitivism that considered the processes leading to learning to be events in the human mind (1909) to the present, the theory of atomistic (atomic) formation that the processes of learning in the mind are continuous and They knew they were (now) depending on the situation.
Bloom’s classification categorizes learning levels as the following table. (Table 1)
| High-Level Thinking + Creating | Assessment | to worth |
| Synthesis (Combination) | to be related to | |
| Analysis | Structuring | |
| Low-level thinking | Employment | use |
| Understand | Meaning | |
| Knowledge (Wisdom) | To remember |
Table 1: Bloom Learning Levels Classification
Some components of the information space, including the learning network, include information needs, new tools and technologies, information/knowledge and previous user experience, the user’s mental model and capabilities and limitations, and so on.
Bionic application:
From the beginning, human beings have been inspired by nature to build their places and devices. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, designed the flying machine with the idea of taking the bat’s body structure. Later, at the Montreal Canadian Exhibition, Fry Otto came up with the idea to build a structure out of spider webs. (Figure 1)
Flying in the Bionic Learning Network (Taking a close look at wings in nature) :
The dream of being able to fly is one of the oldest human dreams. We have always been fascinated by the animal world, which shows in all sorts of ways how flying is done. In the Bionic Learning Network, too, flying is a recurring theme. For years, Festo, in association with universities, institutes and development companies, has been developing research platforms whose basic technical principles are based on nature.
In 2007 (weight: 1600 g):
First of all, our bionics experts took a close look at the fins of the manta ray. Although this creature lives in water, its large pectoral fins beat up and down like wings when it swims. We transferred this principle to the Air_ray in 2007. The flow-optimized design of the artificial ray increases aerodynamic efficiency, while the active torsion of the wings ensures that their full force is used. A servo motor pulls alternately on the two flanks in a lengthwise direction and thus moves the wings up and down. With an additional servo drive, the beating wing can be rotated around its transverse axis, so that the Air_ray can also be maneuvered backward. Thanks to its lightweight design, the uplift provided by helium and its beating wing drive with Fin Ray Effect®, it moves through the air just its natural role model moves through the water. (Figure 2)
Servo motor :
The servo motor is a type of electric motor designed to be used in feedback control systems. The inertia in the servo motor is low and as a result, the speed change in these motors is very fast. Servo motors have unique uses in the industry. Different types of servo motors are classified based on the angle of the shaft and the material of the gearbox. From the CNC nozzle guide of 3D printer, bottle volume management is used in beverage production lines, drone gimbal, and, The most important parameter in a servo motor is the angle of the shaft. Smart systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) have also been used extensively. A square wave or PWM is required to manage the servo motor. In other words, the servo motor of a small motor has an output shaft or shaft. This output shaft can be positioned at a specific position and angle with the received signal.
The main specifications of the servo motor
1- The direction of the servo motor torque depends on the instantaneous polarity of the control voltage.
2- The output of the motor output is proportional to the input voltage of the servo motor.
Servo motors are designed and manufactured in DC and AC motors. AC servers generally have higher efficiency and performance than DC servers. DC servo motors include series motors, cracked series, parallel control motors, and so on. For example, a servo motor has a high starting torque, but a parallel control motor has less power.
In 2009 (weight 9600 g):
A similar concept is also behind the AirPenguins developed in 2009. Their flying technology is very close to the swimming technique of their biological models. The passively twisting wings allow both forward and reverse thrust to be generated. The AirPenguins are the third group to fly autonomously and float within defined airspace, which is detected by ultrasound transmitting stations. The penguins can move freely within this space. A microcontroller allows it to explore this space autonomously or according to specific rules. (Figure 3)
In 2011 (weight 450 g):
From water to air. Building on this, in 2011 we deciphered the secret of bird flight and presented the SmartBird. This bionic technology platform, inspired by the herring gull, can start, fly and land by itself – without additional drive. Not only do its wings beat up and down, but they also twist in a specific manner. This is done by an active articulated torsion drive, which, in conjunction with a complex control system, achieves previously unattained efficiency levels in flight. Continuous diagnostics ensure a safe flight. While the SmartBird is flying, data such as the wing position, the wing torsion, or the status of the battery are recorded and checked in real-time by the software. (Figure 4)
In 2013 (weight 175 g):
Flying skills of the dragonfly. The kind of flying displayed by the dragonfly is even more complex. Its flying skills are unique: it can move in all spatial directions, remain still in the air, and glide without beating its wings at all. Thanks to its ability to move both pairs of wings independently of each other, it can brake and turn abruptly, accelerate rapidly, and even fly backward. With the BionicOpter our bionics team technically transferred these highly complex properties to an ultra-lightweight flying object in 2013. For the first time, a model can master more flight conditions than a helicopter, a motorized aircraft, and a glider combined. By controlling the flapping frequency and rotation of each wing, all four wings can be individually adjusted in terms of the direction and strength of thrust. The remotely controlled dragonfly can thus take up almost any position in space. (Figure 5)
In 2015 (weight 32 g):
Flying as a group. Festo perfected lightweight construction and miniaturization in 2015 with the eMotionButterflies.Each of the bionic butterflies weighs just 32 g. To replicate the flight of their natural role model as closely as possible, the eMotionButterflies are equipped with highly integrated on-board electronics. They can control the wings precisely and individually and thus realize fast movements. Ten cameras installed in the space detect the butterflies using their infrared markers. The cameras transmit the position data to a central master computer which coordinates the butterflies. (Figure 6)
In 2017 (weight 580 g):
Semi-autonomous flying in a defined space. The bionic engineers have developed this intelligent networking system further and will demonstrate the BionicFlyingFoxat the Hannover Messe 2018. It can fly semi-autonomously thanks to the combination of onboard electronics and an external camera system. This allows the artificial bat, which has a wingspan of 2.28 m, to fly through the air. An elastic airtight membrane stretches from the tips of the fingers to the feet of the artificial bat. The specially developed membrane consists of a knitted elastane fabric and films welded together at selected points. Thanks to this honeycomb structure, the BionicFlyingFox can fly even if the bionic fabric sustains minor damage. (Figure 7)
Conclusion :
However different the flying behavior of animals in the natural world may be, when transferring it to technology, the major challenges are always the lightweight design and functional integration. With the BionicFlyingFox, whose articulation points of the heavily loaded kinematic system are all on one plane so that the wings can be folded like scissors, Festo has now deciphered all the different types of flying found in the animal world. But nature provides many other unique solutions that will inspire the bionics team to find new technical solutions in the future.
About KSRA
The Kavian Scientific Research Association (KSRA) is a non-profit research organization to provide research / educational services in December 2013. The members of the community had formed a virtual group on the Viber social network. The core of the Kavian Scientific Association was formed with these members as founders. These individuals, led by Professor Siavosh Kaviani, decided to launch a scientific / research association with an emphasis on education.
KSRA research association, as a non-profit research firm, is committed to providing research services in the field of knowledge. The main beneficiaries of this association are public or private knowledge-based companies, students, researchers, researchers, professors, universities, and industrial and semi-industrial centers around the world.
Our main services Based on Education for all Spectrum people in the world. We want to make an integration between researches and educations. We believe education is the main right of Human beings. So our services should be concentrated on inclusive education.
The KSRA team partners with local under-served communities around the world to improve the access to and quality of knowledge based on education, amplify and augment learning programs where they exist, and create new opportunities for e-learning where traditional education systems are lacking or non-existent.
