Protected: Gas shortage in IRAN , the world’s second holder of gas reserves

Historical introduction: Oil and gas exploration was established in Iran more than a century ago by British companies, and then with the establishment of refineries in the country, Iran was inevitably placed on the development track due to this rich income. It should not be hidden that this cursed reward caused conspiracies and killings in the country and brought the established governments into power for a limited time and then put them in power decline. After several decades after the beginning of oil extraction, gas became one of the most prosperous productions in the world and Iran. Context: The shock of the gas crisis for the world's second holder of gas reserves According to the documents available in the World Energy Organization, the country of Iran, having and enjoying about 33 trillion cubic meters of gas, is currently second in the world after Russia. It is about 850 million cubic meters, of which 700-650 million cubic meters are consumed daily inside Iran. Gas consumption hit a record 660 million cubic meters a day on Tuesday, according to a statement by the National Iranian Gas Co., driven by a surge in heating demand as a major cold snap hit most of the country. By BLOOMBERG January 11, 2023 at 4:33 PM GMT+1 Gaz shortage in Iran Statistic In the export sector, Iran can export only about 30 million cubic meters of gas per day, while due to lack of necessary technology and infrastructure, it burns about 100-120 million cubic meters of gas in the form of flaring, and the reason for this is simply because this gas is produced from So called, it is sour, and it is not possible to turn it into gas for consumption or export. Unfortunately, in this sector (gas flaring) it brings a loss equal to 7 billion dollars per year for the country's income, which puts Iran in the third row of countries with 12% of flaring in the world and with an average burning of 17.4 billion cubic meters of gas per year. Gives. This damage is only to the country's lack of exploitation and income, and if we add the environmental damage, we will reach surprising numbers. In the other part of damages, there is about 25-30 percent wastage in the transmission and distribution of consumed gas to consumers, which is a significant amount of wastage that should be carefully re-examined. In other sectors, we can mention the wear and tear of the network and the wear and tear of power plants, which is very evident and damaging. Analyze the Problem In the following, we will analyze how and why there is a shortage of gas in the second holder of gas reserves in the world: 1- Absence of foreign investment in the oil and gas industry 2- Improper extraction of gas and oil resources and use of outdated and old equipment 3- Non-extraction and exploitation of the oil and gas resources of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea (Caspian) according to the considerations imposed by Russia. 4- Sending gas from the southern resource areas to other parts of the country 5- The creation and establishment of countless non-expert petrochemical units and steel industries and factories without assimilation with the sustainable development plan and territorial planning and neglecting the environment, which in most of these cases basically provides gas and water resources in these places is uneconomical, and It has been harmful. 6- Lack of culture and proper training in benefiting and using produced gas in urban and rural uses 7- Very high wastage due to the lack of thermal insulation in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, especially old traditional buildings in cities, towns, and villages. 8- The cheap price of gas 9- The use of heat-generating devices and equipment with high wastage and no optimization change in their structure 10- The lack and reduction of the amount of water in the country, which causes the supply of hydroelectricity in the country, and due to the lack of water, the power plants are forced to use gas or, at times, they are forced to use diesel fuel, the harmful effects of which we see in the big cities. Another point that should be noted in this review is that Iran can become the first holder of the largest gas reserves in the world by using the gas and oil resources of the southern Caspian (Caspian) Sea, which unfortunately due to the colonial considerations of Russia. It is useless. For example, Iran is able to supply 75-80% of Europe's gas needs only from the Chalous gas field, and with the increase of these resources, the northern part of the country will benefit from this gas, and with this, the pressure of gas transmission from the southern field will be greatly reduced. More gas surplus will be created for export and income for the country. Conclusion: Iran’s gas sector has suffered from years of underinvestment. Various efforts to develop its share of the giant South Pars/North Dome gas field that’s shared with Qatar, for instance, have been abandoned either because of sanctions or internal policy decisions. Iran Says Technical Fault Behind Drop in Gas Supply to Turkey Iran cut gas exports to Turkey by 70% due to a fault ahead of peak winter demand, Turkey’s state-owned grid operator said. The amount of gas pumped to Turkey was reduced from Jan. 1 due to a malfunction on the Iranian network, Turkey’s state pipeline operator Botas said in a statement on Saturday, adding that Turkish authorities urged Iran to solve the problem as soon as possible. Gaz shortage in Iran As a major oil producer and a net exporter of natural gas that sits on the world’s second-largest gas reserves, Iran has always been largely self-sufficient for its gas and electricity needs. Prices tend to be a tiny fraction of those in Europe, where a supply squeeze and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have driven inflation. Iran is Turkey’s second-biggest gas supplier after Russia, shipping 9.43 billion cubic meters in 2021, according to Turkish energy regulator data. In January 2022, Iran cut gas exports to Turkey for around two weeks due to a leak, forcing Turkey to cut power supply to industry. By Selcan Hacaoglu January 7, 2023 at 12:56 PM GMT+1 Gaz shortage in Iran Schools, banks, and government offices will be closed in Iran until Saturday and working hours have been cut in at least 15 provinces mostly in the north and northwest in order to control gas use.

Protected: Gas shortage in IRAN , the world’s second holder of gas reserves

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